The anatomical features of the Respiratory System include the airways - nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi; lungs and respiratory muscles.
It is responsible for the process of respiration, which is vital for the existence of living beings. Respiration refers to the exchange of gases – oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmospheric air, blood and the cells within the tissues.
Together with the Cardiovascular System, the Respiratory System contributes to homeostasis by providing gas exchange (intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide). The Cardiovascular System, on the other hand, transports blood containing the gases between the lungs and body cells. Failure of either system will disrupt homeostasis by causing rapid death of cells from oxygen starvation and buildup of waste products.
Other functions of the Respiratory System:
· Participates in regulating blood pH
· Contains receptors for the sense of smell
· Filters inspired air
· Produces sound
· Rids the body of some water and heat in exhaled air
Classification of the parts of the Respiratory System
According to Structure
1. Upper Respiratory System - nose, pharynx and associated structures
2. Lower Respiratory System - larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
According to Function
1. The Conducting Zone – consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes outside and within the lungs. These include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Their function is to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.
2. The Respiratory Zone - consists of tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. These include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. They are the main sites of gas exchange between air and blood.
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